Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Ducks, sentence 30
With a thin palm shading his eyes from the western sun, he peered far away into the lowlands, munching his own cheeks all the while.
Who acts: thin palm, IKTOMI, munching · What happens: shade, peer, munch, cheek · To what, where: eyes, own
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Ducks. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thin palm, IKTOMI, munching), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | With | with | ADP | _ | 4 palm | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 palm | det |
| 3 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 palm | amod |
| 4 | palm | palm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 peered | obl |
| 5 | shading | shade | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 palm | acl |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 7 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 shading | obj |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 sun | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 sun | det |
| 10 | western | western | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 sun | amod |
| 11 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 shading | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 palm | punct |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 peered | nsubj |
| 14 | peered | peer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 16 away | advmod |
| 16 | away | away | ADV | _ | 14 peered | advmod |
| 17 | into | into | ADP | _ | 19 lowlands | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 lowlands | det |
| 19 | lowlands | lowland | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 away | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 munching | punct |
| 21 | munching | munch | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 cheeks | csubj |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 own | nmod:poss |
| 23 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 munching | obj |
| 24 | cheeks | cheek | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 peered | parataxis |
| 25 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 27 while | det:predet |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 while | det |
| 27 | while | while | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 cheeks | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 peered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shade | gerund | a thin palm not said here | IKTOMI's eyes | from the western sun | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent eye=Beneficiary from sun=Theme | |||
| 2 | peer | past | IKTOMI | with a thin palm; away property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | munch | gerund | IKTOMI's own | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent own=Patient | |||||
| 4 | cheek | present | munching | while | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/2/30/