Old Indian Legends, Iktomi's Blanket, sentence 35
While he was rubbing briskly two long sticks to start a fire, the sun in the west fell out of the sky below the edge of land.
Who acts: Iktomi, sun · What happens: rub, start, fall · To what, where: briskly two long sticks, fire, sky
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi's Blanket. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | While | while | SCONJ | _ | 4 rubbing | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 rubbing | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 rubbing | aux |
| 4 | rubbing | rub | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 fell | advcl |
| 5 | briskly | briskly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 sticks | amod |
| 6 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 sticks | nummod |
| 7 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 sticks | amod |
| 8 | sticks | stick | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 rubbing | obj |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 start | mark |
| 10 | start | start | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 rubbing | advcl |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 fire | det |
| 12 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 start | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 rubbing | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 sun | det |
| 15 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 fell | nsubj |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 west | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 west | det |
| 18 | west | west | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sun | nmod |
| 19 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 20 | out | out | ADP | _ | 23 sky | case |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 sky | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 sky | det |
| 23 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 fell | obl |
| 24 | below | below | ADP | _ | 26 edge | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 edge | det |
| 26 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 sky | nmod |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 land | case |
| 28 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 edge | nmod |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 fell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rub | past · progressive | Iktomi | briskly two long sticks | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent stick=Theme | ||||
| 2 | start | to-infinitive | Iktomi not said here | a fire | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | fall | past | the sun in the west | the sky below the edge of land | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme out sky=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/3/35/