Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Muskrat, sentence 15
“Oh, it is my friend who startled me.
Who acts: muskrat, friend · What happens: be, startle · To what, where: friend
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (muskrat, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 startled | punct |
| 2 | Oh | oh | INTJ | _ | 7 friend | discourse |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Oh | punct |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 friend | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 friend | cop |
| 6 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 friend | nmod:poss |
| 7 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 startled | nsubj |
| 8 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 startled | nsubj |
| 9 | startled | startle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 startled | obj |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 startled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | muskrat | my friend | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | startle in a quote | past | my friend | my friend = friend | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/4/15/