Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Muskrat, sentence 22
He hummed an old dance-song and beat gently on the edge of the pot with his buffalo-horn spoon.
Who acts: Iktomi · What happens: hum, beat · To what, where: old dance song, edge
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 hummed | nsubj |
| 2 | hummed | hum | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 song | det |
| 4 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 song | amod |
| 5 | dance | dance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 song | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 dance | punct |
| 7 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 hummed | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 beat | cc |
| 9 | beat | beat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres Typo=Yes VerbForm=Fin | 2 hummed | conj |
| 10 | gently | gently | ADV | _ | 9 beat | advmod |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 13 edge | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 edge | det |
| 13 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 beat | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 pot | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 pot | det |
| 16 | pot | pot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 edge | nmod |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 spoon | case |
| 18 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 spoon | nmod:poss |
| 19 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 horn | compound |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 buffalo | punct |
| 21 | horn | horn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 spoon | compound |
| 22 | spoon | spoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 beat | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 hummed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hum | past | Iktomi | a old dance song | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Topic | ||||
| 2 | beat | present | Iktomi not said here | the edge of the pot | with Iktomi's horn spoon; gently property | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with spoon=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/4/22/