Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Muskrat, sentence 24
After many heart throbs Iktomi stopped drumming with his horn ladle, and looking upward into the muskrat's face, he said:
Who acts: Iktomi · What happens: throb, stop, drum, look, say · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 3 heart | case |
| 2 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 heart | amod |
| 3 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 throbs | obl |
| 4 | throbs | throb | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | Iktomi | Iktomi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 stopped | nsubj |
| 6 | stopped | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 throbs | ccomp |
| 7 | drumming | drum | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 stopped | xcomp |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 ladle | case |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 ladle | nmod:poss |
| 10 | horn | horn | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 ladle | amod |
| 11 | ladle | ladle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 drumming | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 said | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 said | cc |
| 14 | looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 said | advcl |
| 15 | upward | upward | ADV | _ | 14 looking | advmod |
| 16 | into | into | ADP | _ | 20 face | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 muskrat | det |
| 18 | muskrat | muskrat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 face | nmod:poss |
| 19 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 18 muskrat | case |
| 20 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 looking | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 looking | punct |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 said | nsubj |
| 23 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 throbs | parataxis |
| 24 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 4 throbs | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | throb | present | after many heart | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | stop | past | Iktomi | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | drum | gerund | Iktomi not said here | with Iktomi's horn ladle | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP PP»: agent=Agent with ladle=Instrument | ||||
| 4 | look | gerund | Iktomi not said here | into the muskrat's face; upward property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent into face=Theme | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | Iktomi | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/4/24/