Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Muskrat, sentence 38
Saying this he laid a firm hand upon the muskrat's shoulder and started off along the edge of the lake.
Who acts: Iktomi · What happens: say, lay, start off · To what, where: this, firm hand, shoulder · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 laid | csubj |
| 2 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 1 Saying | obj |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 laid | nsubj |
| 4 | laid | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 hand | det |
| 6 | firm | firm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 hand | amod |
| 7 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 laid | obj |
| 8 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 12 shoulder | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 muskrat | det |
| 10 | muskrat | muskrat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 shoulder | nmod:poss |
| 11 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 10 muskrat | case |
| 12 | shoulder | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 laid | obl |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 started | cc |
| 14 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 laid | conj |
| 15 | off | off | ADP | _ | 14 started | compound:prt |
| 16 | along | along | ADP | _ | 18 edge | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 edge | det |
| 18 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 started | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 lake | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 lake | det |
| 21 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 edge | nmod |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 laid | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | gerund | this | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent this=Topic | |||||
| 2 | lay | past | Iktomi | a firm hand | the muskrat's shoulder | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hand=Theme upon shoulder=Destination | |||
| 3 | start off | past | Iktomi not said here | along the edge of the lake | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/4/38/