Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Muskrat, sentence 44
The muskrat helped to lift the heavy stone upon Iktomi's back.
Who acts: muskrat · What happens: help, lift · To what, where: heavy stone, back
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (muskrat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 muskrat | det |
| 2 | muskrat | muskrat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 helped | nsubj |
| 3 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 lift | mark |
| 5 | lift | lift | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 helped | xcomp |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 stone | det |
| 7 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 stone | amod |
| 8 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 lift | obj |
| 9 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 12 back | case |
| 10 | Iktomi | Iktomi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 back | nmod:poss |
| 11 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 10 Iktomi | case |
| 12 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 lift | obl |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 helped | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | help | past | the muskrat | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | lift | to-infinitive | the muskrat not said here | the heavy stone | Iktomi's back | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent stone=Theme upon back=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/4/44/