Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Muskrat, sentence 60
Iktomi halted stiff as if he had struck an invisible cliff.
Who acts: Iktomi · What happens: halt, strike · To what, where: invisible cliff
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iktomi | Iktomi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 halted | nsubj |
| 2 | halted | halt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | stiff | stiff | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 halted | xcomp |
| 4 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 8 struck | mark |
| 5 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 8 struck | mark |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 struck | nsubj |
| 7 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 struck | aux |
| 8 | struck | strike | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 halted | advcl |
| 9 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 cliff | det |
| 10 | invisible | invisible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 cliff | amod |
| 11 | cliff | cliff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 struck | obj |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 halted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | halt | past | Iktomi | stiff property | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | strike | past · perfect | Iktomi | a invisible cliff | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cliff=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/4/60/