Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Muskrat, sentence 74

“Ha! ha! ha!” laughed the water-man, the muskrat.

What happens: laugh · To what, where: water man

This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	“	"	PUNCT	_	9 laughed	punct
2	Ha	ha	INTJ	_	9 laughed	discourse
3	!	!	PUNCT	_	2 Ha	punct
4	ha	ha	INTJ	_	2 Ha	discourse
5	!	!	PUNCT	_	2 Ha	punct
6	ha	ha	INTJ	_	2 Ha	discourse
7	!	!	PUNCT	_	2 Ha	punct
8	”	"	PUNCT	_	2 Ha	punct
9	laughed	laugh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 man	det
11	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 man	compound
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 water	punct
13	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 laughed	obj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 muskrat	punct
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 muskrat	det
16	muskrat	muskrat	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 man	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 laughed	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	laugh	past		the water man and the muskrat					vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/4/74/