Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Muskrat, sentence 9
“How, how, my friend!” said a voice out of the wild rice.
Who acts: friend · What happens: say · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
| 2 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 10 said | advmod |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
| 4 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 10 said | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 friend | punct |
| 6 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 friend | nmod:poss |
| 7 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 said | nsubj |
| 8 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 7 friend | punct |
| 9 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 friend | punct |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 voice | det |
| 12 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 said | nsubj |
| 13 | out | out | ADP | _ | 17 rice | case |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 rice | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 rice | det |
| 16 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 rice | amod |
| 17 | rice | rice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 voice | nmod |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | my friend | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/4/9/