Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Coyote, sentence 4
He walked through the grass without following any well-worn footpath.
Who acts: Iktomi · What happens: walk, follow, wear · To what, where: grass, worn footpath
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 walked | nsubj |
| 2 | walked | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | through | through | ADP | _ | 5 grass | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 grass | det |
| 5 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 walked | obl |
| 6 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 7 following | mark |
| 7 | following | follow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 walked | advcl |
| 8 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 12 footpath | det |
| 9 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 11 worn | advmod |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 well | punct |
| 11 | worn | wear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 footpath | amod |
| 12 | footpath | footpath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 following | obj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 walked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | walk | past | Iktomi | the grass | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through grass=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | follow | gerund | Iktomi not said here | any worn footpath | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent footpath=Theme | ||||
| 3 | wear | participle | well property | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/5/4/