Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Fawn, sentence 34

“Oh!” he exclaimed, “how hard to fly!

Who acts: bird · What happens: exclaim, fly · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Fawn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	“	"	PUNCT	_	6 exclaimed	punct
2	Oh	oh	INTJ	_	6 exclaimed	discourse
3	!	!	PUNCT	_	2 Oh	punct
4	”	"	PUNCT	_	2 Oh	punct
5	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 exclaimed	nsubj
6	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 hard	punct
8	“	"	PUNCT	_	10 hard	punct
9	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	10 hard	advmod
10	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 exclaimed	ccomp
11	to	to	PART	_	12 fly	mark
12	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 hard	xcomp
13	!	!	PUNCT	_	6 exclaimed	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exclaim speech: express	past	bird						vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
2	fly in a quote	to-infinitive	bird not said here						vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/6/34/