Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Fawn, sentence 55

Only one rare bird sat on the tree, and beneath, on the ground, stood a brave in brown buckskins.

Who acts: one rare bird · What happens: sit, stand · To what, where: tree, brave, ground

This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Fawn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one rare bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 one	advmod
2	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 bird	nummod
3	rare	rare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 bird	amod
4	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sat	nsubj
5	sat	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 tree	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 tree	det
8	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sat	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 stood	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 stood	cc
11	beneath	beneath	ADV	_	17 stood	advmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 beneath	punct
13	on	on	ADP	_	15 ground	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 ground	det
15	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 stood	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 ground	punct
17	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 sat	conj
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 brave	det
19	brave	brave	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 stood	obj
20	in	in	ADP	_	22 buckskins	case
21	brown	brown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 buckskins	amod
22	buckskins	buckskin	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 stood	obl
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 sat	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sit	past	one rare bird			the tree			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on tree=Location
2	stand	past	one rare bird not said here	a brave		the ground		in brown buckskins; beneath property	vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent brave=Theme on ground=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/6/55/