Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Fawn, sentence 61
We cannot wait for him!” sang the birds as they flew away.
Who acts: We, buckskins · What happens: not wait, sing, fly away · To what, where: birds · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Fawn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, buckskins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 wait | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 wait | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 wait | advmod |
| 4 | wait | wait | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 him | case |
| 6 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 wait | obl |
| 7 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 4 wait | punct |
| 8 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 sang | punct |
| 9 | sang | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 wait | parataxis |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 birds | det |
| 11 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 sang | obj |
| 12 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 14 flew | mark |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 flew | nsubj |
| 14 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 sang | advcl |
| 15 | away | away | ADV | _ | 14 flew | advmod |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 wait | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not wait | can | We | for bird | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | sing speech: express in a quote | past | the birds | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bird=Theme | |||||
| 3 | fly away in a quote | past | buckskins = buckskin | away property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/6/61/