Old Indian Legends, The Badger and the Bear, sentence 112
In his heart he was sad to see the badgers crying and starving.
Who acts: rest, badgers · What happens: be, see, cry, starve · To what, where: heart, badgers
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Badger and the Bear. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rest, badgers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 heart | case |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 heart | nmod:poss |
| 3 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 sad | obl |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 sad | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 sad | cop |
| 6 | sad | sad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 see | mark |
| 8 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 sad | xcomp |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 badgers | det |
| 10 | badgers | badger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 see | obj |
| 11 | crying | cry | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 badgers | acl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 starving | cc |
| 13 | starving | starve | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 crying | conj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 sad | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | rest | rest's heart | sad property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | see | to-infinitive | rest not said here | the badgers | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer badger=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | cry speech: express | gerund | the badgers not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | starve | gerund | the badgers not said here | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/7/112/