Old Indian Legends, The Badger and the Bear, sentence 160

At once he guessed it was the avenger of whom he had heard long, long ago.

Who acts: distance, head · What happens: guess, be, hear · To what, where: avenger · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Badger and the Bear. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (distance, head), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	At	at	ADP	_	2 once	case
2	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	4 guessed	obl
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 guessed	nsubj
4	guessed	guess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 avenger	nsubj
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 avenger	cop
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 avenger	det
8	avenger	avenger	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 guessed	ccomp
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 whom	case
10	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 avenger	nmod
11	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 heard	nsubj
12	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 heard	aux
13	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	10 whom	acl:relcl
14	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 heard	xcomp
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 ago	punct
16	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	17 ago	advmod
17	ago	ago	ADV	_	4 guessed	advmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 guessed	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	guess	past	distance		ago property	vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent at once=Value
2	is a	past	head	the avenger		tree rules
3	hear	past · perfect	distance		long property	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/7/160/