The Lilac Fairy Book, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 25, sentence 16
‘Don’t be afraid, little girls,’ he said smiling kindly at them; he could not laugh properly because his mouth was crooked.
Who acts: Lisa, mouth · What happens: not be, say, smile, not laugh, be · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lisa, mouth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 5 afraid | punct |
| 2 | Do | do | AUX | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 5 afraid | aux |
| 3 | n’t | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 afraid | advmod |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 afraid | cop |
| 5 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 said | ccomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 girls | punct |
| 7 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 girls | amod |
| 8 | girls | girl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 afraid | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 afraid | punct |
| 10 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 5 afraid | punct |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 said | nsubj |
| 12 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | smiling | smile | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 said | advcl |
| 14 | kindly | kindly | ADV | _ | 13 smiling | advmod |
| 15 | at | at | ADP | _ | 16 them | case |
| 16 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 smiling | obl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 laugh | punct |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 laugh | nsubj |
| 19 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 laugh | aux |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 laugh | advmod |
| 21 | laugh | laugh | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 said | conj |
| 22 | properly | properly | ADV | _ | 21 laugh | advmod |
| 23 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 27 crooked | mark |
| 24 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 mouth | nmod:poss |
| 25 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 crooked | nsubj |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 crooked | cop |
| 27 | crooked | crooked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 laugh | advcl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is | infinitive · do-support | afraid property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Lisa | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | smile | gerund | Lisa not said here | at girls = girl; kindly property | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | not laugh | could | Lisa | properly property | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | is | past | Lisa's mouth | crooked property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3454 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3454/25/16/