The Lilac Fairy Book, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 31, sentence 33
‘Oh, Gwalchmai, I am grieved concerning Owen, whom I have lost these three years, and if a fourth year passes without him I can live no longer.
Who acts: I, fourth year · What happens: grieve, concern, lose, pass, live · To what, where: I, Owen
This is a sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, fourth year), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 8 grieved | punct |
| 2 | Oh | oh | INTJ | _ | 8 grieved | discourse |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 Gwalchmai | punct |
| 4 | Gwalchmai | Gwalchmai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Oh | vocative |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Oh | punct |
| 6 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 grieved | nsubj |
| 7 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 grieved | aux:pass |
| 8 | grieved | grieve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | concerning | concern | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 grieved | xcomp |
| 10 | Owen | Owen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 concerning | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 lost | punct |
| 12 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 lost | obj |
| 13 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 lost | nsubj |
| 14 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 lost | aux |
| 15 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 Owen | acl:relcl |
| 16 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 18 years | det |
| 17 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 years | nummod |
| 18 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 lost | obl:unmarked |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 live | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 live | cc |
| 21 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 25 passes | mark |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 year | det |
| 23 | fourth | fourth | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 24 year | amod |
| 24 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 passes | nsubj |
| 25 | passes | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 live | advcl |
| 26 | without | without | ADP | _ | 27 him | case |
| 27 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 passes | obl |
| 28 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 30 live | nsubj |
| 29 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 live | aux |
| 30 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 grieved | conj |
| 31 | no | no | ADV | _ | 32 longer | advmod |
| 32 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 30 live | advmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 grieved | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grieve | present · passive | I | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | concern | gerund | Owen | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus owen=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | lose | present · perfect | I | Owen | year | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Eventuality | |||
| 4 | pass a condition, not said to happen | present | a fourth year | without Owen | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | live | can | I | long property | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3454 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3454/31/33/