The Blue Fairy Book, The Black Bull of Norroway, sentence 40
And lang they gaed, and sair they rade, till they came in sight o’ the far biggest castle, and far farthest aff, they had yet seen.
Who acts: lang, sae · What happens: ga, sair, come, see · To what, where: sae, sight, aff
This is a sentence of «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Black Bull of Norroway. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lang, sae), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 gaed | cc |
| 2 | lang | lang | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 gaed | nsubj |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 gaed | nsubj |
| 4 | gaed | ga | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 sair | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 sair | cc |
| 7 | sair | sair | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 gaed | ccomp |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 sair | obj |
| 9 | rade | rade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 sair | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 came | punct |
| 11 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 13 came | mark |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 came | nsubj |
| 13 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 sair | parataxis |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 sight | case |
| 15 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 came | obl |
| 16 | o | of | ADP | Abbr=Yes | 21 castle | mark |
| 17 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 21 castle | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 castle | det |
| 19 | far | far | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 castle | amod |
| 20 | biggest | big | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 21 castle | amod |
| 21 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 came | advcl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 seen | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 seen | cc |
| 24 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 26 aff | advmod |
| 25 | farthest | far | ADV | Degree=Sup | 26 aff | advmod |
| 26 | aff | aff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 aff | punct |
| 28 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 seen | nsubj |
| 29 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 seen | aux |
| 30 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 31 seen | advmod |
| 31 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 gaed | advcl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 gaed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ga | past | lang | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | sair | infinitive | lang not said here | sae | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | come | past | sae | sight | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sight=Location | ||||
| 4 | see | past · perfect · passive | aff | yet | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Blue Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 503 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg503/55/40/