The Red Fairy Book, The Enchanted Pig, sentence 131

She had to cross swamps and to scale mountain peaks covered with flints, so that her feet and knees and elbows were all torn and bleeding, and sometimes she came to a precipice across which she could not jump, and she had to crawl round on hands and knees, helping herself along with her staff.

Who acts: Princess, scale mountain · What happens: have, cross, peak, cover, tear, come · To what, where: swamps, feet, precipice, hands, Princess

This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Enchanted Pig. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Princess, scale mountain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 cross	mark
4	cross	cross	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 had	xcomp
5	swamps	swamp	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 cross	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 peaks	cc
7	to	to	PART	_	10 peaks	mark
8	scale	scale	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 mountain	compound
9	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 peaks	nsubj
10	peaks	peak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 cross	conj
11	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 peaks	xcomp
12	with	with	ADP	_	13 flints	case
13	flints	flint	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 covered	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 torn	punct
15	so	so	SCONJ	_	25 torn	mark
16	that	that	SCONJ	_	25 torn	mark
17	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 feet	nmod:poss
18	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 torn	nsubj:pass
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 knees	cc
20	knees	knee	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 feet	conj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 elbows	cc
22	elbows	elbow	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 feet	conj
23	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 torn	aux:pass
24	all	all	ADV	_	25 torn	advmod
25	torn	tear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 peaks	conj
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 bleeding	cc
27	bleeding	bleeding	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 torn	conj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 came	punct
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 came	cc
30	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	32 came	advmod
31	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 came	nsubj
32	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 peaks	parataxis
33	to	to	ADP	_	35 precipice	case
34	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	35 precipice	det
35	precipice	precipice	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 came	obl
36	across	across	ADP	_	37 which	case
37	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	41 jump	obl
38	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	41 jump	nsubj
39	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	41 jump	aux
40	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	41 jump	advmod
41	jump	jump	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	35 precipice	acl:relcl
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	45 had	punct
43	and	and	CCONJ	_	45 had	cc
44	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	45 had	nsubj
45	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	32 came	conj
46	to	to	PART	_	47 crawl	mark
47	crawl	crawl	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	45 had	xcomp
48	round	round	ADV	_	47 crawl	advmod
49	on	on	ADP	_	50 hands	case
50	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	47 crawl	obl
51	and	and	CCONJ	_	52 knees	cc
52	knees	knee	NOUN	Number=Plur	50 hands	conj
53	,	,	PUNCT	_	54 helping	punct
54	helping	help	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	47 crawl	advcl
55	herself	herself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	54 helping	obj
56	along	along	ADV	_	54 helping	advmod
57	with	with	ADP	_	59 staff	case
58	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	59 staff	nmod:poss
59	staff	staff	NOUN	Number=Sing	54 helping	obl
60	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 had	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have	past	Princess				tree rules
2	cross	to-infinitive	Princess not said here	swamps			vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent swamp=Patient
3	peak	present	scale mountain				tree rules
4	cover	participle	scale mountain not said here			with flints	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with flint=Theme
5	tear	past · passive		Princess's feet and knees and elbows		all property	vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
6	come	past	Princess		a precipice	sometimes property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to precipice=Initial_Location
7	not jump	could	Princess		a precipice		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across which=Trajectory
8	have	past	Princess				tree rules
9	crawl	to-infinitive	Princess not said here		hands and knees	round property	vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on hand=Trajectory
10	help	gerund	Princess not said here	Princess		with Princess's staff; along property	vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent herself=Beneficiary with staff=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/12/131/