The Red Fairy Book, Jack Sells the Cow, sentence 16
The stalks had twined and twisted themselves together till they formed quite a ladder.
Who acts: stalks · What happens: twine, twist, form · To what, where: stalks, ladder
This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Jack Sells the Cow. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stalks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 stalks | det |
| 2 | stalks | stalk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 twined | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 twined | aux |
| 4 | twined | twine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 twisted | cc |
| 6 | twisted | twist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 twined | conj |
| 7 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 6 twisted | obj |
| 8 | together | together | ADV | _ | 6 twisted | advmod |
| 9 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 11 formed | mark |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 formed | nsubj |
| 11 | formed | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 twisted | advcl |
| 12 | quite | quite | DET | PronType=Ind | 14 ladder | det:predet |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 ladder | det |
| 14 | ladder | ladder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 formed | obj |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 twined | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | twine | past · perfect · passive | the stalks | vn coil-9.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | twist | past | stalks = stalk | together property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme | ||||
| 3 | form | past | stalks = stalk | quite ladder | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ladder=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/15/16/