The Red Fairy Book, Graciosa and Percinet, part 1, sentence 20
‘What’s the meaning of this?’ said she smiling.
Who acts: duchess · What happens: say, smile, mean · To what, where: this · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Graciosa and Percinet, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (duchess), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 3 ’s | punct |
| 2 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 ’s | nsubj |
| 3 | ’s | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 said | ccomp |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 meaning | det |
| 5 | meaning | meaning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ’s | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 this | case |
| 7 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 meaning | nmod |
| 8 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 ’s | punct |
| 9 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 3 ’s | punct |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 smiling | nsubj |
| 12 | smiling | smile | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 said | ccomp |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 2 | smile | gerund | duchess | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | mean | this | nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/23/20/