The Red Fairy Book, The Three Dwarfs, part 2, sentence 65
‘Yes; there is such a dreadful whistling up above in the air that I think I am growing alarmed,’ said the youth.
Who acts: dreadful, I · What happens: be, whistle up, think, grow, alarm, say · To what, where: dreadful, air, youth · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Three Dwarfs, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dreadful, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 8 dreadful | punct |
| 2 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 5 is | discourse |
| 3 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 2 Yes | punct |
| 4 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 5 is | expl |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 dreadful | cop |
| 6 | such | such | DET | PronType=Ind | 8 dreadful | det:predet |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 dreadful | det |
| 8 | dreadful | dreadful | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 said | nsubj |
| 9 | whistling | whistle | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 dreadful | acl |
| 10 | up | up | ADP | _ | 9 whistling | compound:prt |
| 11 | above | above | ADV | _ | 9 whistling | advmod |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 air | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 air | det |
| 14 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 whistling | obl |
| 15 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 think | obj |
| 16 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 think | nsubj |
| 17 | think | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 air | acl:relcl |
| 18 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 growing | nsubj |
| 19 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 growing | aux |
| 20 | growing | grow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 think | ccomp |
| 21 | alarmed | alarm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 growing | xcomp |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 dreadful | punct |
| 23 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 8 dreadful | punct |
| 24 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 youth | det |
| 26 | youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 said | obj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 24 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | such dreadful | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | whistle up | gerund | such dreadful not said here | in the air; above property | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in air=Theme | ||||
| 3 | think speech: other | present | I | the air | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent that=Attribute clause=Theme | ||||
| 4 | grow | present · progressive | I | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | alarm | participle | I not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | say speech: assert | past | such dreadful | the youth | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent youth=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/38/65/