The Red Fairy Book, The Twelve Brothers, sentence 89

Then a sudden rushing sound was heard in the air, and twelve ravens were seen flying overhead.

Who acts: twelve ravens · What happens: rush, hear, see, fly · To what, where: sudden rushing sound, air, twelve ravens, overhead

This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Twelve Brothers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (twelve ravens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	7 heard	advmod
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 sound	det
3	sudden	sudden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sound	amod
4	rushing	rush	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 sound	amod
5	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 heard	nsubj:pass
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 heard	aux:pass
7	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 air	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 air	det
10	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 heard	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 seen	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 seen	cc
13	twelve	twelve	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 ravens	nummod
14	ravens	raven	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 seen	nsubj:pass
15	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 seen	aux:pass
16	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 heard	conj
17	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 seen	xcomp
18	overhead	overhead	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 flying	obj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 heard	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	rush	gerund					vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	hear	past · passive		a sudden rushing sound	the air	then	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus
3	see	past · passive		twelve ravens			tree rules
4	fly	gerund	twelve ravens not said here	overhead			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location overhead=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/41/89/