The Red Fairy Book, Farmer Weatherbeard, sentence 19

Heaven only knows what has become of him!’ said the man.

Who acts: Heaven, man · What happens: know, become, say · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Farmer Weatherbeard. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Heaven, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Heaven	Heaven	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 knows	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 knows	advmod
3	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 become	nsubj
5	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 become	aux
6	become	become	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 knows	ccomp
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 him	case
8	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 become	obl
9	!	!	PUNCT	_	3 knows	punct
10	’	'	PUNCT	_	11 said	punct
11	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 knows	parataxis
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 man	det
13	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 said	nsubj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 knows	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	know	present	Heaven		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	become	present · perfect		of Heaven	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
3	say speech: assert	past	the man		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/43/19/