The Red Fairy Book, The Seven Foals, sentence 94

‘That is a river,’ said the Foal, ‘and we have to cross it.’

Who acts: That, river, we · What happens: be, say, have, cross · To what, where: river, Foal · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Seven Foals. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That, river, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	‘	'	PUNCT	_	5 river	punct
2	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 river	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 river	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 river	det
5	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 said	nsubj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 river	punct
7	’	'	PUNCT	_	5 river	punct
8	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Foal	det
10	Foal	foal	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 said	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 ‘	punct
12	‘	‘	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 Foal	conj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 have	cc
14	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	15 have	nsubj
15	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 said	conj
16	to	to	PART	_	17 cross	mark
17	cross	cross	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 have	xcomp
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 cross	obj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 said	punct
20	’	'	PUNCT	_	8 said	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a	present	That	a river	tree rules
2	say speech: assert	past	a river	the Foal and ‘	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent foal=Topic
3	have	present	we		tree rules
4	cross	to-infinitive	we not said here	river	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/49/94/