The Red Fairy Book, The Black Thief and Knight of the Glen., sentence 96
I was then very sorry that I had the misfortune to kill him, but it then could not be helped.
Who acts: I · What happens: be, have, kill, not help · To what, where: misfortune, man
This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Black Thief and Knight of the Glen.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 sorry | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 sorry | cop |
| 3 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 sorry | advmod |
| 4 | very | very | ADV | _ | 5 sorry | advmod |
| 5 | sorry | sorry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 had | mark |
| 7 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 had | nsubj |
| 8 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 sorry | ccomp |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 misfortune | det |
| 10 | misfortune | misfortune | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 had | obj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 kill | mark |
| 12 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 misfortune | acl |
| 13 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 kill | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 helped | punct |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 helped | cc |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 helped | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 21 helped | advmod |
| 18 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 helped | aux |
| 19 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 helped | advmod |
| 20 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 21 helped | aux:pass |
| 21 | helped | help | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 sorry | conj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 sorry | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | I | then | sorry property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | have | past | I | the misfortune | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent misfortune=Patient | ||||
| 3 | kill | to-infinitive | I not said here | man | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | ||||
| 4 | not help | could · passive | misfortune | then | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/8/96/