The Red Fairy Book, The Master Thief, sentence 179

But it is fearfully cold!’ said one, and began to beat his arms backwards and forwards across his breast.

Who acts: notice · What happens: be, say, begin, beat · To what, where: one, arms, breast · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Master Thief. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (notice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	But	but	CCONJ	_	8 said	cc
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 cold	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cold	cop
4	fearfully	fearfully	ADV	_	5 cold	advmod
5	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 said	parataxis
6	!	!	PUNCT	_	5 cold	punct
7	’	'	PUNCT	_	5 cold	punct
8	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 said	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 began	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 began	cc
12	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 said	conj
13	to	to	PART	_	14 beat	mark
14	beat	beat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 began	xcomp
15	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 arms	nmod:poss
16	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 beat	obj
17	backwards	backwards	ADV	_	14 beat	advmod
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 forwards	cc
19	forwards	forwards	ADV	_	17 backwards	conj
20	across	across	ADP	_	22 breast	case
21	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 breast	nmod:poss
22	breast	breast	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 beat	obl
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 said	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	notice			cold, fearfully property	tree rules
2	say speech: assert	past		one			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent one=Topic
3	begin	past					vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
4	beat	to-infinitive		Hutetu's arms	Hutetu's breast	backwards property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location arm=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/9/179/