The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter XII. The Search for the Wicked Witch, sentence 47
And when the crows saw him they were frightened, as these birds always are by scarecrows, and did not dare to come any nearer.
Who acts: crows, birds · What happens: see, frighten, be, not dare, not come · To what, where: Scarecrow, crows, any
This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter XII. The Search for the Wicked Witch. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crows, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 saw | cc |
| 2 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 saw | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 crows | det |
| 4 | crows | crow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 saw | nsubj |
| 5 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 saw | obj |
| 7 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 frightened | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 frightened | aux:pass |
| 9 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 saw | parataxis |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 scarecrows | punct |
| 11 | as | as | ADP | _ | 17 scarecrows | case |
| 12 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 13 birds | det |
| 13 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 scarecrows | nsubj |
| 14 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 13 birds | advmod |
| 15 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 scarecrows | cop |
| 16 | by | by | ADP | _ | 17 scarecrows | case |
| 17 | scarecrows | scarecrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 frightened | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 dare | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 dare | cc |
| 20 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 dare | aux |
| 21 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 dare | advmod |
| 22 | dare | dare | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 saw | conj |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 come | mark |
| 24 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 dare | xcomp |
| 25 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 24 come | obl |
| 26 | nearer | near | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 25 any | xcomp |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | the crows | Scarecrow | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | frighten | past · passive | crows = crow | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | is | present | this birds | as scarecrows | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | not dare | past · do-support | the crows not said here | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | not come | to-infinitive | the crows not said here | any | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg55/14/47/