The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter XVII. How the Balloon Was Launched, sentence 48
The balloon was by this time tugging hard at the rope that held it to the ground, for the air within it was hot, and this made it so much lighter in weight than the air without that it pulled hard to rise into the sky.
Who acts: balloon, time, rope, visit, this · What happens: be, tug, hold, make, pull, rise · To what, where: visit, sky
This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter XVII. How the Balloon Was Launched. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (balloon, time, rope, visit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 balloon | det |
| 2 | balloon | balloon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 time | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 time | cop |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 time | case |
| 5 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 time | det |
| 6 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | tugging | tug | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 time | acl |
| 8 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 7 tugging | advmod |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 rope | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 rope | det |
| 11 | rope | rope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 tugging | obl |
| 12 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 held | nsubj |
| 13 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 rope | acl:relcl |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 held | obj |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 ground | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 ground | det |
| 17 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 held | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 air | punct |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 air | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 air | det |
| 21 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 tugging | obl |
| 22 | within | within | ADP | _ | 25 hot | mark |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 hot | nsubj |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 hot | cop |
| 25 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 tugging | advcl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 made | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 made | cc |
| 28 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 29 made | nsubj |
| 29 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 time | parataxis |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 made | obj |
| 31 | so | so | ADV | _ | 32 much | advmod |
| 32 | much | much | ADV | _ | 33 lighter | advmod |
| 33 | lighter | light | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 29 made | xcomp |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 weight | case |
| 35 | weight | weight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 lighter | obl |
| 36 | than | than | ADP | _ | 38 air | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 air | det |
| 38 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 lighter | obl |
| 39 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 42 pulled | mark |
| 40 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 42 pulled | mark |
| 41 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 pulled | nsubj |
| 42 | pulled | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 made | advcl |
| 43 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 pulled | xcomp |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 45 rise | mark |
| 45 | rise | rise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 43 hard | xcomp |
| 46 | into | into | ADP | _ | 48 sky | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 sky | det |
| 48 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 rise | obl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 time | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the balloon | by this time | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | tug | gerund | this time not said here | for the air; at the rope; hard property | vn push-12-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent at rope=Theme | ||||
| 3 | hold | past | the rope | visit | to the ground | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||
| 4 | is | past | visit | hot property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | make | past | this | visit | light property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product | |||
| 6 | pull | past | visit | hard property | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | rise | to-infinitive | visit not said here | the sky | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into sky=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg55/19/48/