The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter XXI. The Lion Becomes the King of Beasts, sentence 18
Toto whimpered a little, but none of the others was frightened, and they kept along the well-trodden path until they came to an opening in the wood, in which were gathered hundreds of beasts of every variety.
Who acts: Toto, Woodman · What happens: whimper, frighten, keep, tread, come, gather · To what, where: little, none, trodden path, opening, hundreds
This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter XXI. The Lion Becomes the King of Beasts. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Toto, Woodman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Toto | Toto | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 whimpered | nsubj |
| 2 | whimpered | whimper | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 little | det |
| 4 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 whimpered | obl:unmarked |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 frightened | punct |
| 6 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 12 frightened | cc |
| 7 | none | none | PRON | PronType=Neg | 12 frightened | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 others | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 others | det |
| 10 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 none | nmod |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 frightened | aux:pass |
| 12 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 whimpered | parataxis |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 kept | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 kept | cc |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 kept | nsubj |
| 16 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 whimpered | conj |
| 17 | along | along | ADP | _ | 22 path | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 path | det |
| 19 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 21 trodden | advmod |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 well | punct |
| 21 | trodden | tread | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 path | amod |
| 22 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 kept | obl |
| 23 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 25 came | mark |
| 24 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 came | nsubj |
| 25 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 kept | advcl |
| 26 | to | to | ADP | _ | 28 opening | case |
| 27 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 opening | det |
| 28 | opening | opening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 came | obl |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 wood | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 wood | det |
| 31 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 opening | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 gathered | punct |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 which | case |
| 34 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 gathered | obl |
| 35 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 gathered | aux:pass |
| 36 | gathered | gather | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 came | conj |
| 37 | hundreds | hundred | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 gathered | obj |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 beasts | case |
| 39 | beasts | beast | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 hundreds | nmod |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 variety | case |
| 41 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 42 variety | det |
| 42 | variety | variety | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 beasts | nmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 whimpered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | whimper | past | Toto | a little | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | frighten | past · passive | none | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | keep | past | Woodman | the trodden path | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent along path=Location | ||||
| 4 | tread | participle | well property | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | come | past | Woodman | a opening in the wood | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to opening=Initial_Location | ||||
| 6 | gather | past · passive | Woodman not said here | hundreds of beasts of every variety | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: hundred=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg55/23/18/