The Pink Fairy Book, The Pink Fairy Book, part 20, sentence 58
So the old man took them a knife, and gave it to them, saying, ‘Keep this carefully, and as long as the blade is bright all is well; but if the blade is bloody, then know that evil has befallen him.’
Who acts: old man, blade, all · What happens: take, give, say, keep, be, know · To what, where: things, knife, this, evil · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man, blade, all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 5 took | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 man | det |
| 3 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 man | amod |
| 4 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 took | nsubj |
| 5 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 took | obj |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 knife | det |
| 8 | knife | knife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 took | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 gave | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 gave | cc |
| 11 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 took | conj |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 gave | obj |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 them | case |
| 14 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 gave | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 saying | punct |
| 16 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 gave | advcl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 Keep | punct |
| 18 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 19 Keep | punct |
| 19 | Keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 saying | ccomp |
| 20 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 19 Keep | obj |
| 21 | carefully | carefully | ADV | _ | 19 Keep | advmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 long | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 long | cc |
| 24 | as | as | ADV | _ | 25 long | advmod |
| 25 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 19 Keep | advmod |
| 26 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 30 bright | mark |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 blade | det |
| 28 | blade | blade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 bright | nsubj |
| 29 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 bright | cop |
| 30 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 long | advcl |
| 31 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 33 well | nsubj |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 well | cop |
| 33 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 25 long | fixed |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 43 know | punct |
| 35 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 43 know | cc |
| 36 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 40 bloody | mark |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 blade | det |
| 38 | blade | blade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 bloody | nsubj |
| 39 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 bloody | cop |
| 40 | bloody | bloody | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 know | advcl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 bloody | punct |
| 42 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 43 know | advmod |
| 43 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 took | parataxis |
| 44 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 47 befallen | mark |
| 45 | evil | evil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 befallen | nsubj:pass |
| 46 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 47 befallen | aux |
| 47 | befallen | befall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 43 know | ccomp |
| 48 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 befallen | obj |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 43 know | punct |
| 50 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 43 know | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | the old man | things = thing | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument they=Theme knife=Destination | ||||
| 2 | give | past | the old man not said here | knife | things = thing | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to they=Recipient | |||
| 3 | say speech: assert | gerund | the old man not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | keep | infinitive | this | carefully, long property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is | present | the blade | bright property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | is | present | all | well property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | is a condition, not said to happen | present | the blade | bloody property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | know | infinitive | then | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 9 | befall | present · perfect · passive | evil | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 5615 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg5615/20/58/