The Pink Fairy Book, The Pink Fairy Book, part 22, sentence 75

He heard a sound overhead like the flapping of wings, and a shadow was cast upon the ground.

Who acts: youth · What happens: hear, cast, flap · To what, where: sound overhead, shadow, ground, wings

This is a sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 22. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (youth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 heard	nsubj
2	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 overhead	det
4	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 overhead	compound
5	overhead	overhead	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 heard	obj
6	like	like	ADP	_	8 flapping	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 flapping	det
8	flapping	flapping	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 overhead	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 wings	case
10	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 flapping	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 cast	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 cast	cc
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 shadow	det
14	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 cast	nsubj:pass
15	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 cast	aux:pass
16	cast	cast	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 heard	conj
17	upon	upon	ADP	_	19 ground	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 ground	det
19	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 cast	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 heard	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	hear	past	youth	a sound overhead		like the flapping of wings	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer overhead=Stimulus
2	cast	past · passive		a shadow	the ground		vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme upon ground=Destination
3	flap			wings			nom flapping «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 5615 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg5615/22/75/