The Pink Fairy Book, The Pink Fairy Book, part 9, sentence 104

‘It must have been dreadful!’ said little Gerda.

Who acts: door, little Gerda · What happens: be, say · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (door, little Gerda), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	‘	'	PUNCT	_	6 dreadful	punct
2	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 dreadful	nsubj
3	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 dreadful	aux
4	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 dreadful	aux
5	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 dreadful	cop
6	dreadful	dreadful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 said	ccomp
7	!	!	PUNCT	_	6 dreadful	punct
8	’	'	PUNCT	_	6 dreadful	punct
9	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 Gerda	amod
11	Gerda	Gerda	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 said	nsubj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 said	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	must · perfect	door					dreadful property	tree rules
2	say speech: assert	past	little Gerda						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 5615 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg5615/9/104/