Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 1, sentence 47
The prevailing tone is sadness; but there is no absence of humour; yet fun merely happens, and is inherent; there is no broad, boisterous fun.
Who acts: prevailing tone, absence, fun, broad boisterous fun · What happens: prevail, be, happen, absent · To what, where: sadness, humour
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prevailing tone, absence, fun, broad boisterous fun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 tone | det |
| 2 | prevailing | prevail | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 tone | amod |
| 3 | tone | tone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 sadness | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 sadness | cop |
| 5 | sadness | sadness | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 9 is | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 9 is | cc |
| 8 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 9 is | expl |
| 9 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 sadness | parataxis |
| 10 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 11 absence | det |
| 11 | absence | absence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 is | nsubj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 humour | case |
| 13 | humour | humour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 absence | nmod |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 happens | punct |
| 15 | yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 18 happens | cc |
| 16 | fun | fun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 happens | nsubj |
| 17 | merely | merely | ADV | _ | 18 happens | advmod |
| 18 | happens | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 is | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 inherent | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 inherent | cc |
| 21 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 inherent | cop |
| 22 | inherent | inherent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 happens | xcomp |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 is | punct |
| 24 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 25 is | expl |
| 25 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 sadness | parataxis |
| 26 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 30 fun | det |
| 27 | broad | broad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 fun | amod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 broad | punct |
| 29 | boisterous | boisterous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 fun | amod |
| 30 | fun | fun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 is | nsubj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 sadness | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | prevail | gerund | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | is a | present | the prevailing tone | sadness | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | be | present | no absence of humour | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | happen | present | fun | merely property | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is | present | fun not said here | inherent property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | be | present | no broad boisterous fun | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | absent | humour | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/1/47/