Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 10, sentence 18
She arrived at the Accursèd King’s courtyard and began to play the _gusli_ so finely as had never been heard or listened to for ages.
Who acts: land · What happens: arrive, begin, play, not hear, listen · To what, where: courtyard, gusli
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 arrived | nsubj |
| 2 | arrived | arrive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 courtyard | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 King | det |
| 5 | Accursèd | Accursèd | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 King | compound |
| 6 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 courtyard | nmod:poss |
| 7 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 6 King | case |
| 8 | courtyard | courtyard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 arrived | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 began | cc |
| 10 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 arrived | conj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 play | mark |
| 12 | play | play | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 began | xcomp |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 gusli | det |
| 14 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 15 gusli | punct |
| 15 | gusli | gusli | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 play | obj |
| 16 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 18 finely | punct |
| 17 | so | so | ADV | _ | 18 finely | advmod |
| 18 | finely | finely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 arrived | conj |
| 19 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 23 heard | mark |
| 20 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 heard | aux |
| 21 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 23 heard | advmod |
| 22 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 23 heard | aux:pass |
| 23 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 finely | advcl |
| 24 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 25 listened | cc |
| 25 | listened | listen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 heard | conj |
| 26 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 listened | obl |
| 27 | for | for | ADP | _ | 28 ages | case |
| 28 | ages | age | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 listened | obl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 arrived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | arrive | past | land | the Accursèd King's courtyard | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | begin | past | land not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | play | to-infinitive | land not said here | the gusli | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gusli=Theme | ||||
| 4 | not hear | past · perfect · passive | land not said here | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus» | |||||
| 5 | listen | participle | land not said here | for ages | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for age=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/10/18/