Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 10, sentence 28
“What reward can I offer you for your labour?” asked the King.
Who acts: reward, King · What happens: offer, ask · To what, where: you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (reward, King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 offer | punct |
| 2 | What | what | DET | PronType=Int | 3 reward | det |
| 3 | reward | reward | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 offer | nsubj |
| 4 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 offer | aux |
| 5 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 6 offer | nsubj |
| 6 | offer | offer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 asked | ccomp |
| 7 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 6 offer | iobj |
| 8 | for | for | ADP | _ | 10 labour | case |
| 9 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 labour | nmod:poss |
| 10 | labour | labour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 offer | obl |
| 11 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 6 offer | punct |
| 12 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 offer | punct |
| 13 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 King | det |
| 15 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 asked | obj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 asked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | offer in a quote | can | what reward | you | for your labour goal; I nsubj | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent you=Theme for labour=Goal | |||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | past | the King | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/10/28/