Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 11, sentence 51
Dmítri took his sword out of his sheath and cleft Iván Tsarévich, and then he roused the fair Princess Eléna and began to ask her: “Fair maiden, from what kingdom art thou, who was thy father, how do they call thee on earth?”
Who acts: Dmítri, Fair maiden, brothers · What happens: take, rouse, begin, ask, be, call · To what, where: sword, sheath, fair Princess Eléna, treasure, father, thee · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dmítri, Fair maiden, brothers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dmítri | Dmítri | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 took | nsubj |
| 2 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 sword | nmod:poss |
| 4 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 took | obj |
| 5 | out | out | ADP | _ | 8 sheath | case |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 sheath | case |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 sheath | nmod:poss |
| 8 | sheath | sheath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 took | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 cleft | cc |
| 10 | cleft | cleft | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 sheath | conj |
| 11 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 cleft | appos |
| 12 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Iván | flat |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 roused | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 roused | cc |
| 15 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 17 roused | advmod |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 roused | nsubj |
| 17 | roused | rouse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 took | conj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 Eléna | det |
| 19 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 Eléna | amod |
| 20 | Princess | Princess | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Eléna | compound |
| 21 | Eléna | Eléna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 roused | obj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 began | cc |
| 23 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 took | conj |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 ask | mark |
| 25 | ask | ask | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 began | xcomp |
| 26 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 ask | iobj |
| 27 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 30 maiden | punct |
| 28 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 maiden | punct |
| 29 | Fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 maiden | amod |
| 30 | maiden | maiden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 took | parataxis |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 what | punct |
| 32 | from | from | ADP | _ | 33 what | case |
| 33 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 30 maiden | appos |
| 34 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 art | nsubj |
| 35 | art | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 what | acl:relcl |
| 36 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 35 art | obj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 father | punct |
| 38 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 41 father | nsubj |
| 39 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 father | cop |
| 40 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 41 father | nmod:poss |
| 41 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 maiden | appos |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 call | punct |
| 43 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 46 call | advmod |
| 44 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 46 call | aux |
| 45 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 call | nsubj |
| 46 | call | call | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 father | parataxis |
| 47 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 46 call | obj |
| 48 | on | on | ADP | _ | 49 earth | case |
| 49 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 call | obl |
| 50 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 41 father | punct |
| 51 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 maiden | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | Dmítri | Dmítri's sword | Dmítri's sheath and cleft | Fair maiden parataxis | tree rules | ||
| 2 | rouse | past | Dmítri | the fair Princess Eléna | then | vn stimulate-59.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eléna=Patient | |||
| 3 | begin | past | Dmítri not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | ask speech: ask | to-infinitive | Dmítri not said here | treasure | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent she=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | is a in a quote | past | Fair maiden | thy father | thy nmod:poss | tree rules | |||
| 6 | call in a quote | present · do-support | brothers = brother | thee | earth | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent thou=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/11/51/