Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 11, sentence 60
Iván Tsarévich lay down dead on that spot for thirty days, and in that time the grey Wolf ran up to him and he recognised Iván Tsarévich by his breath, and he wished to help him and revive him, but he did not know how.
Who acts: Iván, grey Wolf · What happens: lie down, run up, recognise, wish, help, revive · To what, where: spot, Iván
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván, grey Wolf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 lay | nsubj |
| 2 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Iván | flat |
| 3 | lay | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | down | down | ADV | _ | 5 dead | advmod |
| 5 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 lay | advcl |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 spot | case |
| 7 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 8 spot | det |
| 8 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lay | obl |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 11 days | case |
| 10 | thirty | thirty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 days | nummod |
| 11 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 lay | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 ran | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 ran | cc |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 time | case |
| 15 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 16 time | det |
| 16 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 ran | obl |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Wolf | det |
| 18 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 Wolf | amod |
| 19 | Wolf | Wolf | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 ran | nsubj |
| 20 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 lay | parataxis |
| 21 | up | up | ADP | _ | 20 ran | compound:prt |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 him | case |
| 23 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 ran | obl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 recognised | cc |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 recognised | nsubj |
| 26 | recognised | recognise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 ran | conj |
| 27 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 recognised | obj |
| 28 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 Iván | flat |
| 29 | by | by | ADP | _ | 31 breath | case |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 breath | nmod:poss |
| 31 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 recognised | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 wished | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 wished | cc |
| 34 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 wished | nsubj |
| 35 | wished | wish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 lay | parataxis |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 help | mark |
| 37 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 wished | xcomp |
| 38 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 help | obj |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 revive | cc |
| 40 | revive | revive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 help | conj |
| 41 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 revive | obj |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 know | punct |
| 43 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 47 know | cc |
| 44 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 know | nsubj |
| 45 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 know | aux |
| 46 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 47 know | advmod |
| 47 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 wished | conj |
| 48 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 47 know | advmod |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lay | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lie down | past | Iván | that spot | day | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on spot=Location | |||
| 2 | run up | past | the grey Wolf | Iván | time | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to he=Result | |||
| 3 | recognise | past | Iván | Iván | by Iván's breath | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer iván=Stimulus | |||
| 4 | wish | past | Iván | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | help not said to happen | to-infinitive | Iván not said here | Iván | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary | ||||
| 6 | revive | infinitive | Iván not said here | Iván | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent he=Patient | ||||
| 7 | not know | past · do-support | Iván | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/11/60/