Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 11, sentence 71
And the grey Wolf said to him, “Yes, Iván Tsarévich, you might have slept for ever if I had not been here: for your brothers have plundered you, and they have taken Princess Eléna the Fair and the golden-maned horse and the Bird of Light with them.
Who acts: grey Wolf, death, brothers · What happens: say, sleep, not be, plunder, take · To what, where: death, Princess Eléna · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grey Wolf, death, brothers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 said | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Wolf | det |
| 3 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 Wolf | amod |
| 4 | Wolf | Wolf | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 said | nsubj |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 him | case |
| 7 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 said | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 slept | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 slept | punct |
| 10 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 18 slept | discourse |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Yes | punct |
| 12 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Yes | vocative |
| 13 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Iván | flat |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Yes | punct |
| 15 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 18 slept | nsubj |
| 16 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 slept | aux |
| 17 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 18 slept | aux |
| 18 | slept | sleep | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 said | conj |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 20 ever | case |
| 20 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 18 slept | obl |
| 21 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 26 here | mark |
| 22 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 here | nsubj |
| 23 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 here | aux |
| 24 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 26 here | advmod |
| 25 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 26 here | cop |
| 26 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 18 slept | advcl |
| 27 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 32 plundered | punct |
| 28 | for | for | ADP | _ | 30 brothers | case |
| 29 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 brothers | nmod:poss |
| 30 | brothers | brother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 plundered | obl |
| 31 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 plundered | aux |
| 32 | plundered | plunder | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 said | conj |
| 33 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 32 plundered | obj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 taken | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 taken | cc |
| 36 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 taken | nsubj |
| 37 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 taken | aux |
| 38 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 said | parataxis |
| 39 | Princess | Princess | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 Eléna | compound |
| 40 | Eléna | Eléna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 taken | obj |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 Fair | det |
| 42 | Fair | Fair | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 taken | obj |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 horse | cc |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 horse | det |
| 45 | golden | golden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 horse | amod |
| 46 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 45 golden | punct |
| 47 | maned | maned | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 horse | amod |
| 48 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 taken | conj |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 Bird | cc |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 Bird | det |
| 51 | Bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 horse | conj |
| 52 | of | of | ADP | _ | 53 Light | case |
| 53 | Light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 Bird | nmod |
| 54 | with | with | ADP | _ | 55 them | case |
| 55 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 53 Light | nmod |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the grey Wolf | death | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | sleep in a quote | might · perfect | death | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | not is a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | past · perfect | the grey Wolf = wolf | here property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | plunder in a quote | present · perfect | the grey Wolf not said here | death | for your brothers | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent you=Theme for brother=Beneficiary | |||
| 5 | take in a quote | present · perfect | brothers = brother | Princess Eléna | the Fair obj; the golden maned horse and the Bird of Light with waters conj | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument eléna=Theme fair=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/11/71/