Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 12, sentence 105
Once upon a time there was a soldier who had served God and the Great Sovereign for twenty-five whole years, and had only in the end earned three biscuits, and was journeying back home.
Who acts: soldier, end · What happens: be, serve, have, earn, journey · To what, where: God, three biscuits
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (soldier, end), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 6 was | advmod |
| 2 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 4 time | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 time | det |
| 4 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Once | obl |
| 5 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 6 was | expl |
| 6 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 had | advcl |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 soldier | det |
| 8 | soldier | soldier | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 was | nsubj |
| 9 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 served | nsubj |
| 10 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 served | aux |
| 11 | served | serve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 soldier | acl:relcl |
| 12 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 served | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 Sovereign | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Sovereign | det |
| 15 | Great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 Sovereign | amod |
| 16 | Sovereign | Sovereign | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 God | conj |
| 17 | for | for | ADP | _ | 22 years | case |
| 18 | twenty | twenty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 five | compound |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 twenty | punct |
| 20 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 22 years | nummod |
| 21 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 years | amod |
| 22 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 served | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 had | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 had | cc |
| 25 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 26 | only | only | ADV | _ | 29 end | advmod |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 end | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 end | det |
| 29 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 earned | nsubj |
| 30 | earned | earn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 had | ccomp |
| 31 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 biscuits | nummod |
| 32 | biscuits | biscuit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 earned | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 journeying | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 journeying | cc |
| 35 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 journeying | aux |
| 36 | journeying | journey | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 had | conj |
| 37 | back | back | ADV | _ | 38 home | advmod |
| 38 | home | home | ADV | _ | 36 journeying | advmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 25 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | a soldier | there | once property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | serve | past · perfect | a soldier | God and the Great Sovereign | year | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent god=Attribute | |||
| 3 | have | past | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | earn | past | the end | three biscuits | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent biscuit=Theme | ||||
| 5 | journey | past · progressive | home property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/12/105/