Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 12, sentence 107
I am cold and hungry, and have only three biscuits to eat.”
Who acts: I · What happens: be, have, eat · To what, where: three biscuits
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 cold | nsubj |
| 2 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 cold | cop |
| 3 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 hungry | cc |
| 5 | hungry | hungry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 cold | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 have | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 have | cc |
| 8 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 cold | conj |
| 9 | only | only | ADV | _ | 10 three | advmod |
| 10 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 biscuits | nummod |
| 11 | biscuits | biscuit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 have | obj |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 eat | mark |
| 13 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 biscuits | acl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 cold | punct |
| 15 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 cold | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | I | cold property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | I not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | have | present | I not said here | three biscuits | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent biscuit=Patient | ||||
| 4 | eat | to-infinitive | I not said here | three biscuits not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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