Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 12, sentence 115

The soldier got his last biscuit out, and thought: “If I give him the whole, I shall have none left; if I give half, why, this old man will come across brother-beggars, will see they have a whole biscuit, and be offended.

Who acts: soldier, none, old man · What happens: get out, think, give, have, leave, come · To what, where: last biscuit, end, none, half, brother beggars, whole biscuit · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (soldier, none, old man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 soldier	det
2	soldier	soldier	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 got	nsubj
3	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 biscuit	nmod:poss
5	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 biscuit	amod
6	biscuit	biscuit	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 got	obj
7	out	out	ADP	_	3 got	compound:prt
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 thought	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 thought	cc
10	thought	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 got	conj
11	:	:	PUNCT	_	22 have	punct
12	“	"	PUNCT	_	22 have	punct
13	If	if	SCONJ	_	15 give	mark
14	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	15 give	nsubj
15	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 have	advcl
16	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 give	iobj
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 whole	det
18	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 give	xcomp
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 give	punct
20	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	22 have	nsubj
21	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	22 have	aux
22	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 thought	ccomp
23	none	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	22 have	obj
24	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	22 have	xcomp
25	;	;	PUNCT	_	28 give	punct
26	if	if	SCONJ	_	28 give	mark
27	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	28 give	nsubj
28	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 got	parataxis
29	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	28 give	obj
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 why	punct
31	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	29 half	acl:relcl
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 come	punct
33	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	35 man	det
34	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 man	amod
35	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 come	nsubj
36	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	37 come	aux
37	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	28 give	conj
38	across	across	ADP	_	41 beggars	case
39	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 beggars	compound
40	-	-	PUNCT	_	39 brother	punct
41	beggars	beggar	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 come	obl
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	44 see	punct
43	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	44 see	aux
44	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	28 give	conj
45	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	46 have	nsubj
46	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	44 see	ccomp
47	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	49 biscuit	det
48	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	49 biscuit	amod
49	biscuit	biscuit	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 have	obj
50	,	,	PUNCT	_	53 offended	punct
51	and	and	CCONJ	_	53 offended	cc
52	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	53 offended	aux:pass
53	offended	offend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 got	conj
54	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 got	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	get out	past	the soldier	end's last biscuit				tree rules
2	think speech: other	past	the soldier not said here					vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	give a condition, not said to happen, in a quote	present	the soldier = soldier		end		whole property	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme
4	have in a quote	shall	the soldier = soldier	none				tree rules
5	leave in a quote	participle	none not said here					vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	give a condition, not said to happen, in a quote	present	the soldier = soldier	half				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent half=Theme
7	come in a quote	future	this old man			brother beggars		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme across beggar=Initial_Location
8	see in a quote	future	the soldier = soldier not said here					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
9	have in a quote	present	SOLDIER	a whole biscuit				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent biscuit=Patient
10	offend in a quote	infinitive · passive	the soldier not said here					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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🌲 Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 12, sentence 115

The tree

Pragmatics

Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 12, sentence 115