Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 12, sentence 140
“What is this?” he asked the inn-keeper.
Who acts: this · What happens: be, ask · To what, where: this, inn keeper · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 this | punct |
| 2 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 this | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 this | cop |
| 4 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 8 asked | nsubj |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 this | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 this | punct |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 asked | nsubj |
| 8 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 keeper | det |
| 10 | inn | inn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 keeper | compound |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 inn | punct |
| 12 | keeper | keeper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 asked | obj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 asked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | this | What nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | past | this | the inn keeper | Lord nsubj | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent keeper=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/12/140/