Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 12, sentence 30
Now, in this kingdom the Tsar’s daughter was near her death, and the Tsar had promised any one who should cure her half of his reign and rule and realm; but any one who failed was to have his head cut off and placed on a pole.
Who acts: daughter, Tsar, one, head · What happens: be, promise, cure, fail, have, cut off · To what, where: death, one, half, pole
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (daughter, Tsar, one, head), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 13 death | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Now | punct |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 kingdom | case |
| 4 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 kingdom | det |
| 5 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 death | obl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Tsar | det |
| 7 | Tsar | Tsar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 daughter | nmod:poss |
| 8 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 7 Tsar | case |
| 9 | daughter | daughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 death | nsubj |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 death | cop |
| 11 | near | near | ADP | _ | 13 death | case |
| 12 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 death | nmod:poss |
| 13 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 promised | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 promised | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 Tsar | det |
| 17 | Tsar | Tsar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 promised | nsubj |
| 18 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 promised | aux |
| 19 | promised | promise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 death | parataxis |
| 20 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 21 one | det |
| 21 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 promised | obj |
| 22 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 cure | nsubj |
| 23 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 cure | aux |
| 24 | cure | cure | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 one | acl:relcl |
| 25 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 half | nmod:poss |
| 26 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 24 cure | obj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 reign | case |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 reign | nmod:poss |
| 29 | reign | reign | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 half | nmod |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 rule | cc |
| 31 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 reign | conj |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 realm | cc |
| 33 | realm | realm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 rule | conj |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 42 have | punct |
| 35 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 42 have | cc |
| 36 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 37 one | det |
| 37 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 have | nsubj |
| 38 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 failed | nsubj |
| 39 | failed | fail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 one | acl:relcl |
| 40 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 have | aux |
| 41 | to | to | PART | _ | 42 have | mark |
| 42 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 promised | parataxis |
| 43 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 head | nmod:poss |
| 44 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 cut | nsubj |
| 45 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 have | parataxis |
| 46 | off | off | ADP | _ | 45 cut | compound:prt |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 placed | cc |
| 48 | placed | place | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 45 cut | conj |
| 49 | on | on | ADP | _ | 51 pole | case |
| 50 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 51 pole | det |
| 51 | pole | pole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 placed | obl |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 death | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the Tsar's daughter | Nicholas's death | now | in this kingdom; Nicholas nmod:poss | tree rules | ||
| 2 | promise speech: promise | past · perfect | the Tsar | any one | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent one=Theme | ||||
| 3 | cure | should | any one | Tsar's half of man's reign and rule and realm | vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer half=Source | ||||
| 4 | fail | past | any one | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | have | past | any one | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | cut off | past | man's head | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 7 | place | participle | man's head not said here | a pole | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on pole=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/12/30/