Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 12, sentence 84
So they made him mount one rung higher, and again the old man said to him: “Pope, who ate my wafers up?”
Who acts: wafers, pope, old man · What happens: make, mount, say, eat, wafer up · To what, where: pope, one rung · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wafers, pope, old man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 3 made | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 made | nsubj |
| 3 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 made | obj |
| 5 | mount | mount | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 made | xcomp |
| 6 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 rung | nummod |
| 7 | rung | rung | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 mount | obj |
| 8 | higher | high | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 5 mount | advmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 said | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 said | cc |
| 11 | again | again | ADV | _ | 14 man | advmod |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 man | det |
| 13 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 man | amod |
| 14 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 said | nsubj |
| 15 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | conj |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 him | case |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 said | obl |
| 18 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 23 ate | punct |
| 19 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 ate | punct |
| 20 | Pope | Pope | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 ate | nsubj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 ate | punct |
| 22 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 ate | nsubj |
| 23 | ate | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | conj |
| 24 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 wafers | nmod:poss |
| 25 | wafers | wafer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 ate | parataxis |
| 26 | up | up | ADP | _ | 25 wafers | compound:prt |
| 27 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 25 wafers | punct |
| 28 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 ate | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | wafers = wafer | pope | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | mount | infinitive | pope not said here | one rung | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rung=Patient | ||||
| 3 | say speech: ask | past | the old man | pope | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | eat in a quote | past | Pope | who nsubj | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | wafer up in a quote | present | my nmod:poss | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/12/84/