Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 13, sentence 143
So then the poor nobleman began pondering and saying to himself, “What have I done?
Who acts: poor nobleman · What happens: begin, ponder, say, do · To what, where: nobleman · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poor nobleman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 6 began | advmod |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 nobleman | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 nobleman | det |
| 4 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 nobleman | amod |
| 5 | nobleman | nobleman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 began | nsubj |
| 6 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | pondering | ponder | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 began | xcomp |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 saying | cc |
| 9 | saying | say | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 pondering | conj |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 himself | case |
| 11 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 9 saying | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 done | punct |
| 13 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 done | punct |
| 14 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 17 done | obj |
| 15 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 done | aux |
| 16 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 done | nsubj |
| 17 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 pondering | advcl |
| 18 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 6 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | the poor nobleman | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | ponder | gerund | the poor nobleman not said here | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | say speech: ask | gerund | the poor nobleman not said here | nobleman | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to himself=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | do in a quote | present · perfect | the poor nobleman = nobleman | What obj | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/13/143/