Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 13, sentence 23

So the smiths took the nosebag, and they began to whisper to each other: “How fearfully heavy it is!

Who acts: smiths, helter · What happens: take, begin, whisper, be · To what, where: nosebag, each · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (smiths, helter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	So	so	ADV	_	4 took	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 smiths	det
3	smiths	smith	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 took	nsubj
4	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 nosebag	det
6	nosebag	nosebag	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 took	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 began	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 began	cc
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 began	nsubj
10	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 took	conj
11	to	to	PART	_	12 whisper	mark
12	whisper	whisper	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 began	xcomp
13	to	to	ADP	_	14 each	case
14	each	each	DET	ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp	12 whisper	obl
15	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 each	fixed
16	:	:	PUNCT	_	20 heavy	punct
17	“	"	PUNCT	_	20 heavy	punct
18	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	20 heavy	advmod
19	fearfully	fearfully	ADV	_	20 heavy	advmod
20	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 took	parataxis
21	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 heavy	nsubj
22	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 heavy	cop
23	!	!	PUNCT	_	4 took	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	take	past	the smiths	the nosebag			vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent nosebag=Theme clause=Attribute
2	begin	past	smiths = smith				vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
3	whisper speech: assert	to-infinitive	smiths = smith not said here		each		vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to each=Recipient
4	is in a quote	present	helter			fearfully, heavy property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/13/23/

🌲 Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 13, sentence 23

The tree

Pragmatics

Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 13, sentence 23