Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 13, sentence 27
So the smiths instantly laid the nosebag on the iron anvil, and they began to knock it about with their hammers as though they were hammering iron.
Who acts: smiths · What happens: lay, begin, knock, hammer · To what, where: nosebag, iron anvil, pipe, iron
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (smiths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 5 laid | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 smiths | det |
| 3 | smiths | smith | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 laid | nsubj |
| 4 | instantly | instantly | ADV | _ | 5 laid | advmod |
| 5 | laid | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 nosebag | det |
| 7 | nosebag | nosebag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 laid | obj |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 anvil | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 anvil | det |
| 10 | iron | iron | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 anvil | amod |
| 11 | anvil | anvil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 laid | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 began | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 began | cc |
| 14 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 began | nsubj |
| 15 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 laid | conj |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 knock | mark |
| 17 | knock | knock | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 began | xcomp |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 knock | obj |
| 19 | about | about | ADV | _ | 17 knock | advmod |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 hammers | case |
| 21 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 hammers | nmod:poss |
| 22 | hammers | hammer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 knock | obl |
| 23 | as | as | ADV | _ | 17 knock | advmod |
| 24 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 27 hammering | mark |
| 25 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 hammering | nsubj |
| 26 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 hammering | aux |
| 27 | hammering | hammer | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 knock | advcl |
| 28 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 hammering | obj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 laid | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lay | past | the smiths | the nosebag | the iron anvil | instantly property | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent nosebag=Theme on anvil=Destination | ||
| 2 | begin | past | smiths = smith | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | knock | to-infinitive | smiths = smith not said here | pipe | with smiths's hammers; about property | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent it=Patient with hammer=Instrument | |||
| 4 | hammer | past · progressive | smiths = smith | iron | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iron=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/13/27/