Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 13, sentence 76
And when Death was standing very near him, she said, “Now, discharged soldier, say good-bye quickly—you have only three minutes left to live in the bright world.”
Who acts: Death, Majesty, you, three minutes · What happens: stand, say, discharge, have, leave, live · To what, where: soldier, good bye, three minutes, bright world · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Death, Majesty, you, three minutes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 standing | cc |
| 2 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 standing | advmod |
| 3 | Death | Death | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 standing | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 standing | aux |
| 5 | standing | stand | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 said | ccomp |
| 6 | very | very | ADV | _ | 7 near | advmod |
| 7 | near | near | ADP | _ | 8 him | case |
| 8 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 standing | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 standing | punct |
| 10 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 said | nsubj |
| 11 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 discharged | punct |
| 13 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 discharged | punct |
| 14 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 16 discharged | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 Now | punct |
| 16 | discharged | discharge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 said | ccomp |
| 17 | soldier | soldier | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 discharged | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 say | punct |
| 19 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 16 discharged | parataxis |
| 20 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 bye | amod |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 good | punct |
| 22 | bye | bye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 say | obj |
| 23 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 19 say | advmod |
| 24 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 have | punct |
| 25 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 26 have | nsubj |
| 26 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 say | parataxis |
| 27 | only | only | ADV | _ | 28 three | advmod |
| 28 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 29 minutes | nummod |
| 29 | minutes | minute | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 have | obj |
| 30 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 minutes | acl |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 live | mark |
| 32 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 left | xcomp |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 world | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 world | det |
| 35 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 world | amod |
| 36 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 live | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 said | punct |
| 38 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | past · progressive | Death | near soldier | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent near he=Location | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Majesty | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | discharge in a quote | participle | soldier | now | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soldier=Theme | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert in a quote | infinitive | good bye | quickly property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent bye=Topic | ||||
| 5 | have in a quote | present | you | minute | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | leave in a quote | participle | three minutes not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | live in a quote | to-infinitive | three minutes not said here | the bright world | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in world=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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